What is Coronary Arteries Disease?

Coronary artery disease is a common heart disease. The large blood vessels that supply the heart (coronary arteries) struggle to deliver enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle. Cholesterol deposits (plaques) and inflammation of the heart arteries are usually the cause of coronary artery disease. 

 Signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease occur when the heart does not get enough oxygenated blood. If you have coronary artery disease, reduced blood flow to the heart can cause chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath. A complete block of blood flow can cause a heart attack. 

 Coronary heart disease often develops over decades. Symptoms can be overlooked until a severe obstruction causes a problem or a heart attack. A healthy heart lifestyle helps prevent coronary artery disease. 

 Coronary heart disease is also called coronary artery disease.

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Coronary Artery Disease

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease:

Symptoms may go unnoticed at first, or they may only appear when the heart is beating strongly, such as when exercising. As the coronary arteries continue to narrow, less and less blood reaches the heart, and symptoms can be more severe or more frequent. 

 Signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease  include: 
 Chest pain (angina). You may feel pressure or pressure on your chest. Some people feel like someone is standing on their chest. Chest pain usually occurs in the center or left side of the chest. Activity or strong emotions can cause angina. The pain usually disappears within minutes of the end of the trigger event.

 For some people, especially women, the pain may be short or sharp and may be felt on the neck, arms, or back. Dyspnea. You may feel like you are holding your breath. Malaise. You may feel unusually tired when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. heart attack.

 A wholly occluded coronary artery causes a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms of a heart attack include sharp chest pain and pressure, shoulder and arm pain, shortness of breath, and sweating. Women may have less common symptoms such as neck and jaw pain, nausea, and fatigue. Some heart attacks do not cause any noticeable signs or symptoms.

Causes of Coronary Artery Disease:

Coronary artery disease begins when fat, cholesterol and other substances build up on the inner walls of the arteries of the heart. This condition is called Atherosclerosis. Accumulation is called plaque. Plaque can narrow arteries and block blood flow. Plaque can also rupture and cause blood clots. 
 In addition to  high cholesterol, damage to the coronary arteries can be caused by: 
 diabetes or insulin resistance 
 High blood pressure 
 Too little exercise (life that tends to sit down) 
 Smoking or using tobacco

In addition, we will Define that 

     What are Atherosiroscles?

Atherosirosclesis is arteriosclerosis and stenosis caused by cholesterol plaques that line the arteries over time. Clogged arteries can reduce blood flow. 

 You may hear it as a cardiovascular disease of arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis. It is a common cause of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

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           Atherosiroscles


 Risk Factor Of Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary heart disease is widespread. Age, genetics, other health conditions, and lifestyle choices can affect cardiovascular health. 

 The risk factors for coronary artery disease are: 

Age:

 The risk of arterial damage or narrowing increases with age.

 Sex:

 Men are generally at increased risk of coronary artery disease. However, postmenopausal women are at increased risk.

 Family history:

 A family history of heart disease increases the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease. This is especially true if relatives (parents, siblings) develop heart disease at a young age. The risk is highest if the father or sibling had heart disease before the age of 55, or if the mother or sister developed heart disease before the age of 65.

 Smoking:

Stop smoking if you smoke. Smoking is bad for your heart health. Smokers are at a significantly higher risk of heart disease. Inhaling indirect smoking also increases the risk.

  High blood pressure:

 Uncontrolled high blood pressure can make arteries stiff and stiff (arteriosclerosis). Coronary arteries can narrow and slow blood flow.

  High cholesterol:

 Too much bad cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Bad cholesterol is called low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Too little good cholesterol (called high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) can also lead to arteriosclerosis.

 Diabetes:

 Diabetes increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease share several risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure. 

 Overweight or obweiese:

 Being overweight is bad for your overall health. Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Ask your doctor what a healthy weight is for you.

  Chronic kidney disease:

 Long-term kidney disease increases the risk of coronary artery disease. I haven't been able to exercise enough. Physical activity is important for good health. Sit-down life (sit-down life) is associated with coronary artery disease and some of its risk factors.

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Chronic Kidney Disease


 Lots of stress:

 Emotional stress can damage arteries and exacerbate other risk factors for coronary artery disease.

  Unhealthy diet:

 Eating foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, salt, and sugar may increase your risk of coronary artery disease.

  Alcohol consumption:

 High alcohol intake can damage the heart muscle. It can also exacerbate other risk factors for coronary artery disease.  Amount of Sleep Too little or too much sleep also increases your risk of heart disease.  Risk factors often occur together. One risk factor can cause another. 

 In summary, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing coronary artery disease. For example, metabolic syndrome (a series of disorders such as high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, excess body fat around the waist, and high triglyceride levels) increases the risk of coronary artery disease. 

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 Hyperglycemia


 Coronary heart disease can develop without classic risk factors. Other possible risk factors for coronary artery disease are:

Breathing during sleep pauses (obstructive sleep apnea):

 This condition causes breathing to stop and start during sleep. Blood oxygen levels may drop sharply. The mind must work harder.

 Blood pressure rises:

 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This protein appears more than usual when there is inflammation somewhere in the body. High hs-CRP levels can be a risk factor for heart disease. Narrowing of the coronary arteries is thought to increase blood hs-CRP levels.

 High triglyceride:

 This is a type of fat (lipid) in the blood. High levels can increase the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in women. 

 Homocysteine:

 Homocysteine ​​is an amino acid that the body uses to make proteins and build and maintain tissues. However, high homocysteine ​​levels may increase the risk of coronary artery disease.

 Pre-eclampsia:

This pregnancy complication causes high blood pressure and elevated protein levels in the urine. In later years, the risk of heart disease may increase.

 Other pregnancy complications:

 Diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy are also known risk factors for coronary heart disease.

  Certain autoimmune diseases:

 People with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus (and other inflammatory diseases) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis.

 Complications Coronary artery disease can cause the following: 


 Chest pain (angina):

 When the coronary arteries narrow, the heart may not be able to get enough blood when it is most needed, such as during exercise. This can cause chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath.

 Heart attack:

 A heart attack can occur when a cholesterol plaque breaks and a blood clot forms. Blood clots can block blood flow. A lack of blood can damage the heart muscle. The amount of damage depends in part on how quickly you are treated.

 Defects in the heart:


 When the arteries of the heart become narrow or have high blood pressure, the heart slowly weakens and becomes stiff, making it difficult to pump blood. Heart failure is when the heart does not pump blood the way it should.

 Arrhythmia (arrhythmia):

 A lack of blood in the heart can change the normal heart signal and cause irregular heartbeats.


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Arrhythmia


Prevention of Coronary Arteries Disease:

The same lifestyles used to treat coronary artery disease can also help prevent coronary artery disease. A healthy lifestyle helps to strengthen the arteries and keep them plaque-free. Follow these tips to improve your heart health: 

  •  Quit smoking
  •  Controls high blood pressure
  •  High cholesterol
  •  Diabetes
  •  Train frequently
  •  Maintain a healthy weight.
  •  Eat a low-fat
  •  Alow-salt diet rich in fruits
  •  vegetables
  •  Whole grains
  •  Reduce and manage stress.